Here's a function to recursively convert objects to arrays and remove the special characters from private and protected variables. I use it with XML_Serializer to convert objects to XML.
<?php
function object_to_array($mixed) {
if(is_object($mixed)) $mixed = (array) $mixed;
if(is_array($mixed)) {
$new = array();
foreach($mixed as $key => $val) {
$key = preg_replace("/^\\0(.*)\\0/","",$key);
$new[$key] = object_to_array($val);
}
}
else $new = $mixed;
return $new;
}
?>
Les tableaux
Un tableau en PHP est en fait une carte ordonnée. Une carte est un type qui associe des valeurs en clés. Ce type est optimisé pour différentes utilisations ; il peut être considéré comme un tableau, une liste, une table de hashage, un dictionnaire, une collection, une pile, une file d'attente et probablement plus. On peut avoir, comme valeur d'un tableau, d'autres tableaux, multidimensionnels ou non.
La structure de ces données dépasse l'objet de ce manuel, mais vous trouverez au moins un exemple pour chacun des cas évoqués. Pour plus d'informations, reportez-vous aux différentes explications sur le sujet que l'on trouve sur le web.
Syntaxe
Syntaxe d'un tableau
Un tableau peut être créé avec le constructeur de langage array(). Il prend un nombre illimité de paramètres, chacun séparé par une virgule, sous la forme d'une paire clé => valeur.
array( clé => valeur , ... ) // clé ne peut être qu'un entier ou une chaîne de caractères // valeur peut être de n'importe quel type
<?php
$arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
echo $arr["foo"]; // bar
echo $arr[12]; // 1
?>
Une clé peut être soit un entier, soit une chaîne de caractères. Si une clé est une représentation standard d'un entier, elle sera interprétée comme telle (i.e. "8" sera interprété comme 8, alors que "08" sera interprétée comme "08"). Les nombres à virgule flottante, en tant que clé, seront tronqués en entier. Les tableaux indexés ou associatifs, en PHP, sont du même type ; ils peuvent ainsi contenir des indices sous la forme d'entier et de chaîne de caractères.
Une valeur peut être de n'importe quel type PHP.
<?php
$arr = array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 42));
echo $arr["somearray"][6]; // 5
echo $arr["somearray"][13]; // 9
echo $arr["somearray"]["a"]; // 42
?>
Si une clé n'est pas spécifiée pour une valeur, l'indice entier maximal sera pris et la nouvelle clé sera cette valeur, plus 1. Si une clé contient déjà une valeur associée, cette valeur sera écrasée.
<?php
// Ce tableau est identique à ...
array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);
// ...ce tableau
array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
?>
Avant PHP 4.3.0, le fait d'ajouter à un tableau une valeur, dont la précédent clé est négative, reproduisait le comportement ci-dessus. Depuis PHP 4.3.0, la nouvelle clé sera 0.
Utiliser TRUE comme clé sera évalué à l'entier 1. Utiliser FALSE comme clé sera évalué à l'entier 0. Utiliser NULL comme clé sera évalué à une chaîne de caractères vide. Utiliser une chaîne de caractères vide comme clé créera une clé (ou l'écrasera) vide et sa valeur ne sera pas la même si on utilise des parenthèses vides.
Les tableaux et les objets ne peuvent être utilisés comme clés. Si vous tentez de le faire, une message de type Alerte sera émis : Illegal offset type.
Création/modification avec des crochets
Un tableau existant peut être modifié en y assignant explicitement des valeurs.
L'assignation d'une valeur dans un tableau est effectué en spécifiant la clé, entre crochets. La clé peut également ne pas être renseignée, sous la forme : [].
$arr[clé] = valeur; $arr[] = valeur; // clé peut être un entier ou une chaîne de caractères // valeur peut être n'importe quel type
Si $arr n'existe pas lors de l'assignation, il sera créé ; c'est ainsi une façon détournée de créer un tableau. Pour modifier une valeur en particulier, il convient d'assigner une valeur en spécifiant sa clé. Pour effacer une paire clé/valeur, il convient d'appeler la fonction unset() sur la clé désirée.
<?php
$arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);
$arr[] = 56; // Identique à $arr[13] = 56;
// à cet endroit du script
$arr["x"] = 42; // Ceci ajoute un nouvel élément au
// tableau avec la clé "x"
unset($arr[5]); // Ceci efface l'élément du tableau
unset($arr); // Ceci efface complètement le tableau
?>
Note: Comme dit plus haut, si aucune clé n'est spécifiée, l'indice maximal existant est repris, et la nouvelle clé sera ce nombre, plus 1. Si aucun indice entier n'existe, la clé sera 0 (zéro).
Notez que la clé entière maximale pour cette opération n'a pas besoin d'exister dans le tableau au moment de la manipulation. Elle doit seulement avoir existé dans le tableau à un moment ou un autre depuis la dernière fois où le tableau a été ré-indexé. Voici un exemple qui illustre ce principe :
<?php
// Création d'un tableau simple.
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
print_r($array);
// Maintennant, on efface tous les éléments, mais on concerne le tableau :
foreach ($array as $i => $value) {
unset($array[$i]);
}
print_r($array);
// Ajout d'un élément (notez que la nouvelle clé est 5, et non 0).
$array[] = 6;
print_r($array);
// Ré-indexation :
$array = array_values($array);
$array[] = 7;
print_r($array);
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 ) Array ( ) Array ( [5] => 6 ) Array ( [0] => 6 [1] => 7 )
Fonctions utiles
Il y a beaucoup de fonctions utiles pour travailler avec les tableaux. Nous vous invitons à lire la section de ce manuel sur les fonctions en rapport avec les tableaux.
Note: La fonction unset() permet d'effacer les clés d'un tableau. Soyez attentif sur le fait que le tableau ne sera pas ré-indexé. Si vous voulez réaliser un effacement complet et une ré-indexation de votre tableau, vous devez utiliser la fonction array_values().
<?php
$a = array(1 => 'one', 2 => 'two', 3 => 'three');
unset($a[2]);
/* produira un tableau comme ceci
$a = array(1 => 'one', 3 => 'three');
et NON un tableau comme ceci
$a = array(1 => 'one', 2 =>'three');
*/
$b = array_values($a);
// Maintenant, $b vaut array(0 => 'one', 1 =>'three')
?>
La structure de contrôle foreach existe tout spécialement pour les tableaux. Elle fournit une manière pratique de parcourir un tableau.
Ce qu'il est possible de faire ou non avec un tableau
Pourquoi $foo[bar] est incorrect ?
Utiliser toujours des guillemets autour d'un index littéral. Par exemple, $foo['bar'] est correct, alors que $foo[bar] ne l'est pas. Mais pourquoi ? il est courant de rencontrer ce genre de syntaxe dans d'ancien script :
<?php
$foo[bar] = 'enemy';
echo $foo[bar];
// etc
?>
C'est incorrect, mais ça fonctionne. La raison est que ce code a une constante indéfinie (bar) plutôt qu'une chaîne ('bar' - noter les guillemets). PHP peut définir plus loin une constante portant le même nom. Cela fonctionne car PHP convertit automatiquement une chaîne nue (une chaîne sans guillemets qui ne correspond à aucun symbole connu) en une chaîne qui la contient. Actuellement, s'il n'y a aucune constante nommée bar, alors PHP substituera 'bar' dans la chaîne et l'utilisera.
Note: Ceci ne signifie pas qu'il faut toujours mettre la clé entre guillemets. N'utilisez pas de guillemets avec les clés qui sont des constantes ou des variables, car cela empêcherait PHP de les interpréter.
<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', true);
ini_set('html_errors', false);
// Tableau simple :
$array = array(1, 2);
$count = count($array);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
echo "\nVérification de $i : \n";
echo "Mauvais : " . $array['$i'] . "\n";
echo "Bon : " . $array[$i] . "\n";
echo "Mauvais : {$array['$i']}\n";
echo "Bon : {$array[$i]}\n";
}
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Vérification de 0 : Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.html on line 9 Mauvais : Bon : 1 Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.html on line 11 Mauvais : Bon : 1 Vérification de 1 : Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.html on line 9 Mauvais : Bon : 2 Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.html on line 11 Mauvais : Bon : 2
Plus d'exemples pour expliquer ce comportement :
<?php
// Affichons toutes les erreurs
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');
// Correct
print $arr['fruit']; // apple
print $arr['veggie']; // carrot
// Incorrect. Ceci fonctionne mais PHP émettera une erreur de type E_NOTICE car
// on utilise la constante nommée fruit qui est indéfinie
//
// Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in...
print $arr[fruit]; // apple
// Ceci définit une constante pour expliquer ce qu'il ne va pas. La valeur 'veggie'
// est assignée à la constante nommée fruit.
define('fruit', 'veggie');
// Noter la différence maintenant
print $arr['fruit']; // apple
print $arr[fruit]; // carrot
// Ce qui squit est correct, car c'est dans une chaîne. Les constantes ne sont pas recherchées
// dans les chaînes, et donc, aucune alerte E_NOTICE ne sera émise
print "Hello $arr[fruit]"; // Hello apple
// Avec une exception : les parenthèses autour d'un tableau dans une chaîne permettent
// aux constantes d'être interprétées
print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}"; // Hello carrot
print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple
// Ceci ne fonctionnera pas, et en résultera une erreur d'analyse, comme ceci :
// Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'
// Ceci arrive lors de l'utilisation d'une supergloables dans les chaînes
print "Hello $arr['fruit']";
print "Hello $_GET['foo']";
// La concaténation est une autre solution
print "Hello " . $arr['fruit']; // Hello apple
?>
Lorsque error_reporting est défini afin de montrer les erreurs de type E_NOTICE (en le définissant à E_ALL, par exemple), une telle pratique devient immédiatement visible. Par défaut, error_reporting n'est pas défini pour afficher toutes les alertes.
Comme vu dans la section "syntaxe", ce qui se trouve entre crochets ('[' et ']') doit être une expression. Ceci signifie que le code ci-dessous fonctionne :
<?php
echo $arr[somefunc($bar)];
?>
C'est un exemple d'utilisation d'une fonction retournant une valeur qui sera la clé du tableau. PHP comprend également les constantes :
<?php
$error_descriptions[E_ERROR] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[E_WARNING] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[E_NOTICE] = "This is just an informal notice";
?>
Noter que E_ERROR est également un identifiant valide, tout comme bar dans le premier exemple. Mais le dernier exemple est finalement le même que celui-ci :
<?php
$error_descriptions[1] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[2] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[8] = "This is just an informal notice";
?>
car E_ERROR vaut 1, etc.
Alors, pourquoi est-ce une mauvaise pratique ?
Dans le futur, les développeurs PHP peuvent vouloir ajouter une autre constante ou un autre mot clé, ou bien une constante dans une autre partie du code qui peut interférer. Par exemple, il est toujours incorrect d'utiliser le mot empty et default, sachant que ce sont des mots réservés.
Note: Pour être plus clair, dans une chaîne entourée de guillemets doubles, il est valide de ne pas entourer les indexes d'un tableau avec des guillemets, et donc, "$foo[bar]" est valide. Voir les exemples ci-dessous pour plus détails mais aussi la section sur l'analyse des variables dans les chaînes.
Conversion en un tableau
Pour tous les types : entier, nombre décimal, chaîne de caractères, booléen et ressource, le fait de convertir une valeur en un tableau résulte en un tableau contenant un seul élément dont l'indexe vaut zéro et la valeur, une valeur scalaire convertie. En d'autres termes, (array)$scalarValue est exactement la même chose que array($scalarValue).
Si un objet est converti en un tableau, le résultat sera un tableau dont les éléments sont les propriétés de l'objet. Les clés sont les noms des membres, avec une légère exception : les variables ayant un nom sous forme d'entier sont inaccessible; les variables privées auront le nom de la classe ajouté au nom de la variable ; les variables protégées auront un '*' ajouté au nom de la variable. Ce comportement peut amener à des résultats inattendus :
<?php
class A {
private $A; // Ceci devient '\0A\0A'
}
class B extends A {
private $A; // Ceci devient '\0B\0A'
public $AA; // Ceci devient 'AA'
}
var_dump((array) new B());
?>
Ici, on pourrait penser qu'il y a 2 clés nommées 'AA', alors qu'une est actuellement nommée '\0A\0A'.
La conversion de NULL en un tableau résultat en un tableau vide.
Comparaison
Il est possible de comparer plusieurs tableaux avec la fonction array_diff() ainsi qu'avec les opérateurs de tableaux.
Exemples
Le type tableau en PHP est vraiment versatile. Voici quelques exemples :
<?php
// This
$a = array( 'color' => 'red',
'taste' => 'sweet',
'shape' => 'round',
'name' => 'apple',
4 // la clé sera 0
);
// est strictement équivalent à
$a = array();
$a['color'] = 'red';
$a['taste'] = 'sweet';
$a['shape'] = 'round';
$a['name'] = 'apple';
$a[] = 4; // la clé sera 0
$b[] = 'a';
$b[] = 'b';
$b[] = 'c';
// Après exécution du code ci-dessus, $a sera le tableau
// array('color' => 'red', 'taste' => 'sweet', 'shape' => 'round',
// 'name' => 'apple', 0 => 4), et $b sera le tableau
// array(0 => 'a', 1 => 'b', 2 => 'c'), ou simplement array('a', 'b', 'c').
?>
Exemple #1 Utilisation de array()
<?php
// Tableau comme carte de propriétés
$map = array( 'version' => 4,
'OS' => 'Linux',
'lang' => 'english',
'short_tags' => true
);
// clés numériques strictes
$array = array( 7,
8,
0,
156,
-10
);
// est identique à array(0 => 7, 1 => 8, ...)
$switching = array( 10, // clé = 0
5 => 6,
3 => 7,
'a' => 4,
11, // clé = 6 (l'indice entier maximal est 5)
'8' => 2, // clé = 8 (intier !)
'02' => 77, // clé = '02'
0 => 12 // la valeur 10 sera écrasée par la valeur 12
);
// empty array
$empty = array();
?>
Exemple #2 Collection
<?php
$colors = array('rouge', 'bleu', 'verte', 'jaune');
foreach ($colors as $color) {
echo "Aimez-vous la couleur $color ?\n";
}
?>
L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Aimez-vous la couleur rouge ? Aimez-vous la couleur bleu ? Aimez-vous la couleur verte ? Aimez-vous la couleur jaune ?
La modification directe de valeurs d'un tableau est possible depuis PHP 5 en le passant par référence. Avant cette version, nous devions utiliser l'astuce suivante :
Exemple #3 Collection
<?php
// PHP 5
foreach ($colors as &$color) {
$color = strtoupper($color);
}
unset($color); /* On s'assure que les écritures suivantes
sur $color ne modifie pas le dernier élément du tableau */
// Astuce pour les anciennes versions
foreach ($colors as $key => $color) {
$colors[$key] = strtoupper($color);
}
print_r($colors);
?>
L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array
(
[0] => ROUGE
[1] => BLEU
[2] => VERTE
[3] => JAUNE
)
Cet exemple crée un tableau, dont l'indexation commence à 1.
Exemple #4 Indexation commençant à 1
<?php
$firstquarter = array(1 => 'Janvier', 'Février', 'Mars');
print_r($firstquarter);
?>
L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array
(
[1] => 'Janvier'
[2] => 'Février'
[3] => 'Mars'
)
Exemple #5 Remplissage d'un tableau
<?php
// Remplit un tableau avec tous les éléments d'un dossier
$handle = opendir('.');
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
$files[] = $file;
}
closedir($handle);
?>
Les tableaux sont ordonnés. L'ordre peut être modifié en utilisant plusieurs fonctions. Voir la section sur les fonctions sur les tableaux pour plus d'informations. La fonction count() peut être utilisée pour compter le nombre d'éléments d'un tableau.
Exemple #6 Trie d'un tableau
<?php
sort($files);
print_r($files);
?>
Sachant que la valeur d'une tableau peut être n'importe quoi, elle peut aussi être un autre tableau. Ceci permet la création de tableaux récursifs et de tableaux multidimensionnels.
Exemple #7 Tableaux récursifs et multidimensionnels
<?php
$fruits = array ( "fruits" => array ( "a" => "orange",
"b" => "banana",
"c" => "apple"
),
"numbers" => array ( 1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
),
"holes" => array ( "first",
5 => "second",
"third"
)
);
// Quelques exemples pour retrouver les valeurs dans le tableau ci-dessus
echo $fruits["holes"][5]; // affiche "second"
echo $fruits["fruits"]["a"]; // affiche "orange"
unset($fruits["holes"][0]); // efface "first"
// Création d'un tableau multidimensionnel
$juices["apple"]["green"] = "good";
?>
L'assignation d'un tableau induit toujours la copie des valeurs. Utilisez l'opérateur de référence pour copier un tableau par référence.
<?php
$arr1 = array(2, 3);
$arr2 = $arr1;
$arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 est modifié,
// $arr1 vaut toujours array(2, 3)
$arr3 = &$arr1;
$arr3[] = 4; // maintenant, $arr1 et $arr3 sont identiques
?>
Les tableaux
25-Oct-2009 01:16
20-Oct-2009 05:55
Just in case someone finds it usefull.
If you want to capitalize the first letter of each word in the array you could:
<?php
$myarray = array("one","two","three","four","etc..");
$map = array_map('ucfirst', $myarray);
$j = join(' , ', $map);
echo $j;
?>
This will return: One , Two , Three , Four , Etc..
Probably it's not worth of posting it, but just thought beginners might find it usefull.
15-Oct-2009 10:10
I found this useful for appending onto an array without writing over previous values
<?php
$ar[0] = "value";
$ar[sizeof($ar)] = "newvalue";
print_r($ar);
?>
02-Oct-2009 11:33
This is a modification of a function like this which works with two dimensional arrays. Pass a 2d array to this function and my function will return an array of the arrays with the specified key-value pair (specified by $key and $value).
<?php
function seekKey($array, $key, $value)
{
$ret = array();
for ($i=0;$i<count($array);$i++)
{
if ($array[$i][$key]==$value)
$ret[] = $array[$i];
}
return $ret;
}
?>
28-Sep-2009 06:04
You can actually create arrays in arrays; just consider the following code:
<?php
function LoadData($file)
{
$lines = file($file) or die('Could not open file');
foreach($lines as $line)
{
$i[] = array($line);
print_r($i[1])
}
LoadData('file.csv');
?>
A (.csv-)file is loaded into the function LoadData and stored in the array $lines. Then foreach puts the values from the $lines-array into $line and $i is defined as an array of the array $line. Please note that this type of code could take up much of CPU-usage; it generates a multi-dimensional array.
When $i is printed (in the example, value 1 of the array) it would display:
Array ( [0] => Array (
[0] => 7;75;X;0;0;1;0;3;Gr;Br;Do;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;
[1] => ;200;K;0;0;0;0;0;Gr;0;0;0;0;ZL;0;0;0;0;0;
[2] => ;260;Z;;;;;;Gr;;;;;VL;;;;;;
[3] => ;270;K;;;;1;;Gr;Br;Li;;;;;;;;;
[4] => ;500;V;;;;;;Br;;;;;;;;;;;
[5] => 6;60;X;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
[6] => ;80;K;;;;;;Gr;;;;;ZL;;;;;;
[7] => ;210;Z;;;;;;Gr;;;;;;;;;;;
)
13-Jul-2009 04:12
Note for PHP 5.3 changed behavior in 'erroneous' array creation:
Prior to PHP 5.3, this array definition (note the duplicate key):
<?php $a = array ('foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2, 'foo' => 3); ?>
Would create the following array:
array(
'foo' => 3,
'bar' => 2
)
So the /second/ key in the duplicate would override the first declaration.
Now with PHP 5.3, the following array will be created:
array(
'foo' => 1,
'bar' => 2
)
So the second duplicate key would be ignored.
Note that the array declaration indeed contains an error, but if your legacy code contains such array declaration, you will be hurt because of the changed behavior.
05-May-2009 02:47
A simple function to check if you can use your variable as an array offset validly and without getting it typecasted.
<?php
function is_safe_offset($offset) {
return array_pop(@array_flip(array($offset => 0))) === $offset;
}
$a = 8;
var_dump(is_safe_offset($a)); // true
$b = '8';
var_dump(is_safe_offset($b)); // false
$c = '08';
var_dump(is_safe_offset($c)); // true
$d = 'foo';
var_dump(is_safe_offset($d)); // true
$e = 3.8;
var_dump(is_safe_offset($e)); // false
$f = false;
var_dump(is_safe_offset($f)); // false
$g = null;
var_dump(is_safe_offset($g)); // false
$h = array();
var_dump(is_safe_offset($h)); // false
$i = new StdClass;
var_dump(is_safe_offset($i)); // false
?>
07-Mar-2009 12:41
Hello,
to check if an element was set is actually pretty simple:
<?php
$array = ('first' => 1,
'sec' => 2
);
$out = (isset($array['third'])) ? $array['third'] : 'third not set...';
echo $out;
?>
greets,
genix
17-Dec-2008 11:09
Trying to get array element that was not set, throws ERROR_NOTICE and returns NULL. Example:
<?php /* php v.4.4.7 */
$array = array(
'apple' => 'green',
'orange' => 'orange',
);
$pear_color = $array['pear']; // Notice: Undefined index: pear in /path/to/file.php on line 123
var_dump($pear_color); // NULL
?>
Haven't found that mentioned on this page.
24-Oct-2008 03:58
Note that NULL is not exactly a scalar value, so the following two lines of code do NOT produce identical arrays.
<?php
$x = (array) null; // $x ends up an empty array (zero elements)
$y = array(null); // $y ends up an array containing one element (a null)
?>
13-Sep-2008 03:49
Re: fmouse,
the phenomenom you're describing pertains to superglobals, not arrays, and it only applies in a very specific scope. Check out http://de.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.variable.php :
"Please note that variable variables cannot be used with PHP's Superglobal arrays within functions or class methods. The variable $this is also a special variable that cannot be referenced dynamically."
04-Jun-2008 11:43
>fmouse
Variable variables can be used with arrays as discussed in the variable variable section.
Also, from your code, $somevar can be an array and still work fine.
$fum = "somevar";
$$fum = array(); // $somevar is now an array
$foo = $$fum;
print_r( $foo); // we get an empty array printed
print_r() doesn't just print arrays, it prints any variable type.
If you pass it a variable, that hasn't been defined yet, it won't know how to print it.
You would get this same results by passing any undefined variable such as:
print_r( $bar ); // PHP Notice: undefined variable ...$bar
29-Apr-2008 08:14
Using variables as array names no longer works in PHP5.
$fum = "somevar";
$foo = $$fum;
# Still works if $somevar isn't an array. $foo contains the value of $somevar
but ....
$fum = "_POST";
print_r($$fum);
print_r(${$fum});
Neither form of indirection works in this context. $$fum comes back empty.
If you have PHP4 code that used this kind of indirection you can work around the change in PHP5 using an eval().
$fum = "_POST";
$foo = eval("return $$fum;");
print_r($foo);
This works!
18-Mar-2008 09:52
Sorting double dimensional arrays by a specified key bothe for Strings and for integers:
Ex:
$personDetails = array( array("firstName" => "Nancy", "lastName" => "Grace", "age" => 22), array("firstName" => "Andy", "lastName" => "Peter", "age" => 28), array("firstName" => "Jim", "lastName" => "Gary", "age" => 25), array("firstName" => "Lary", "lastName" => "James", "age" => 28), array("firstName" => "Peter", "lastName" => "David", "age" => 17), array("firstName" => "Raj", "lastName" => "King", "age" => 9), array("firstName" => "John", "lastName" => "Baxter","age" => 35) );
//To sort the array by firstName:-
function sortFirstName($p1, $p2) {
return strnatcmp($p1['firstName'], $p2['firstName']);
}
usort($personDetails, 'sortFirstName');
//To sort by an integer Field
function sortByInteger(&$personDetails, $field) {
$sort = "return strnatcmp(\$p1['$field'], \$p2['$field']);";
usort($personDetails, create_function('$p1,$p2', $sort));
return $personDetails;
}
$personDetails = sortByInteger($personDetails, 'age');
//To sort the array in Descending order by a key, It can be done by adding "-" sign before strnatcmp() function.
I hope this helps
09-Jan-2008 04:00
"If you convert a NULL value to an array, you get an empty array."
This turns out to be a useful property. Say you have a search function that returns an array of values on success or NULL if nothing found.
$values = search(...);
Now you want to merge the array with another array. What do we do if $values is NULL? No problem:
$combined = array_merge((array)$values, $other);
Voila.
19-Dec-2007 12:25
z on 22-Apr-2005 12:10 wrote:
-----------------------------------------------
Here's a simple function to insert a value into some position in an array
<?php
function array_insert($array,$pos,$val)
{
$array2 = array_splice($array,$pos);
$array[] = $val;
$array = array_merge($array,$array2);
return $array;
}
?>
and now for example...
<?php
$a = array("John","Paul","Peter");
$a = array_insert($a,1,"Mike");
?>
Now $a will be "John","Mike","Paul","Peter"
-----------------------------------------------
Im learning to use PHP and reading about array_splice found that
<?php
function array_insert($array,$pos,$val)
{
$array2 = array_splice($array,$pos);
$array[] = $val;
$array = array_merge($array,$array2);
return $array;
}
$a = array("John","Paul","Peter");
$a = array_insert($a,1,"Mike");
print_r($a);
?>
would output the same as
<?php
$b = array("John","Paul","Peter");
array_splice($b,1,0,array("Mike"));
print_r($b);
?>
10-Oct-2007 09:14
<?php
//Simple Login Script using associative array.
//You may modify the codes and use $_POST['FORM_FIELD_DATA'] for your web-page.
//You may spice-up the codes with more form field validation & security features.
//$user_name=$_POST['user_name'];
//$password=$_POST['password'];
$test_user_name = 'michelle_smith'; //for testing purpose only
$test_password = 'msmith321'; //for testing purpose only
$user_name = $test_user_name;
$password = $test_password;
// here user_name is key and password is the value of an array..
// website owner has to add new user/site member manually in $login_array
$login_array = array(
'user_name' => 'password',
'alex_duff' => 'alx321',
'xena78' => 'xena321',
'dela_pena' => 'delp321',
'shawn_1981' => 'shw81',
'michelle_smith' => 'msmith321');
ksort ($login_array);
reset($login_array);
if (isset($login_array[$user_name]))
{
$pass_check = $login_array[$user_name];
if ($password === $pass_check)
{
echo "Welcome, $user_name!\n<br>"; //may redirect to specific webpage.
}
else
{
echo "Please try again!"; //may redirect to Error page.
}
}
else
{
echo "Please register with us. Thanks!"; //may redirect to registration page.
exit();
}
echo("\n<br>");
echo 'Thanks to Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski for wonderful PHP!';
?>
06-Sep-2007 06:36
Its worth noting that there does not appear to be any functional limitations on the length or content of string indexes. The string indexes for your arrays can contain any characters, including new line characters, and can be of any length:
<?php
$key = "XXXXX";
$test = array($key => "test5");
for ($x = 0; $x < 500; $x++) {
$key .= "X";
$value = "test" . strlen($key);
$test[$key] = $value;
}
echo "<pre>";
print_r($test);
echo "</pre>";
?>
Keep in mind that using extremely long array indexes is not a good practice and could cost you lots of extra CPU time. However, if you have to use a long string as an array index you won't have to worry about the length or content.
30-Aug-2007 08:56
<?php
//EXAMPLE of Multi-Dimentional Array where as an array's keys are an array itself.
//It's so easy to create one like this.
$movie_to_watch = array ('Action'=>
array('Kanu Reeves' => 'Matrix Reloaded',
'Pearce Brosnan' => 'Die Another Day',
'Tom Cruz' => 'Mission Impossible',
'Jason Statham' => 'Crank',
'Danzel Washington' => 'Man on Fire'),
'Comedy' =>
array ('Charlie Chaplin' => 'City Lights',
'Jim Carrey' => 'Cable Guy',
'Rowan Atkinson' => 'The Ultimate Disaster'));
$type_wanted = 'Action'; //You may switch type from Action to Comedy.
$hero_wanted = 'Pearce Brosnan'; // You may switch hero from Pearce Brosnan to Jim Carrey.
print ("$hero_wanted 's $type_wanted movie is " . $movie_to_watch[$type_wanted][$hero_wanted].".");
// produces browser output as under:
// Pearce Brosnan 's Action movie is Die Another Day.
?>
21-Aug-2007 09:59
Hey..
here is a function which helps to avoid using empty/isset
checkings for arrays.
(it's acts simillar to 'default' modifier in Smarty)
Using this function you will avoid 'Undefined index' or
'Undefined offset' error.
<?php
$_POST['id']['other'] = 'val1';
/*
key exist (same as $_POST['id'][other])
*/
echo getRequestParam('id[other]', 'default value');
/*
key doesn't exist, we get default value (same as $_POST['var'])
*/
echo getRequestParam('var', 'default value');
function getRequestParam( $var, $default = '', $method = 'post' )
{
preg_match_all('!(\w+)!i',$var, $match );
array_shift($match);
$_vars = $match[0];
$ret = null;
if( strtoupper($method) == 'POST' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_POST);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'GET' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_GET);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'COOKIE' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_COOKIE);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'SESSION' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_SESSION);
}
if (! $ret )
return $default;
else
return $ret;
}
/**
@access private
*/
function _findRequestParam($vars, $find_in , $curr_key = 0)
{
static $ret;
if( array_key_exists($vars[$curr_key], $find_in) ) {
if( count( $vars)-1 == $curr_key ) {
$ret = $find_in[$vars[$curr_key]];
}
elseif( $curr_key < count( $vars)-1 ) {
_findRequestParam( $vars, $find_in[$vars[$curr_key]], $curr_key+1 );
}
}
return $ret;
}
?>
Hope this will help someone!
14-Jul-2007 03:34
Another note on unquoted array indices. Because it is first interpreted as a constant, it must obey the naming convention of constants. i.e. a letter or underscore followed by optional letter, digit and/or underscore characters.
Therefore while the following array declaration is legal:
$a = array('1st'=>'First','2nd'=>'Second');
Trying to access either array item as follows causes an error:
$first = "$a[1st]";
$second = "$a[2nd]";
11-Jul-2007 12:41
<b>Mark Gukov</b> wrote below:
Regarding the fact that there's no need to quote arrays keys when enclosed in double quotes: it only applies to single dimensional arrays.
The following works fine:
<?php
$r['a'] = 'apple';
echo "$r[a] is tasty.";
?>
...but in the case of multi-dimensional arrays:
<?php
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "$r[a][b] is tasty.";
?>
would result in "Array[c] is tasty."
-----------------------------------------------------------------
However, the following runs fine;
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "{$r[a][b]} is tasty.";
Just box it!
24-May-2007 12:37
It's slightly faster to use array_splice to remove an element of an array:
array_splice($array, $index, 1)
than to do it using the suggested method of unset and reindex:
unset($array[$index]);
$array = array_values($array);
The difference, however, is very small. With 950 iterations I had times of
unset and reindex: 0.22837495803833
splice: 0.22392416000366
20-Mar-2007 10:14
This Indonesian number speller function is twice
faster(*) than the one provided in class Terbilang by
anghuda(at)gmail(dot)com (25-May-2006 08:52):
http://www.lesantoso.com/terbilang.html
(*) 2.1 vs. 4.2 seconds in processing 10000 random numbers
16-Mar-2007 09:44
On array recursion...
Given the following code:
<?
$myarray = array('test',123);
$myarray[] = &$myarray;
print_r($myarray);
?>
The print_r() will display *RECURSION* when it gets to the third element of the array.
There doesn't appear to be any other way to scan an array for recursive references, so if you need to check for them, you'll have to use print_r() with its second parameter to capture the output and look for the word *RECURSION*.
It's not an elegant solution, but it's the only one I've found, so I hope it helps someone.
17-Jan-2007 01:55
About the automatic conversion of bare strings...
My opinion is that it never should have been implemented. Isn't it easier to NOT implement this "handy" feature in the first place? It is such a convenient way for "smart" programmers to write unsafe, not-futureproof code. Please remove this feature from future versions of PHP, please. (Hey, if you could change the OOP mechanisms between PHP 4 and PHP 5, why can't you make this change, right?)
This page should include details about how associative arrays are implemened inside PHP; e.g. using hash-maps or b-trees.
This has important implictions on the permance characteristics of associative arrays and how they should be used; e.g. b-tree are slow to insert but handle collisions better than hashmaps. Hashmaps are faster if there are no collisions, but are slower to retrieve when there are collisions. These factors have implictions on how associative arrays should be used.
27-Sep-2006 09:18
Regarding the fact that there's no need to quote arrays keys when enclosed in double quotes: it only applies to single dimensional arrays.
The following works fine:
<?php
$r['a'] = 'apple';
echo "$r[a] is tasty.";
?>
...but in the case of multi-dimensional arrays:
<?php
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "$r[a][b] is tasty.";
?>
would result in "Array[c] is tasty."
21-Sep-2006 03:30
Regarding the message of phoenixbytes:
The line foreach($bad as $baddies); will just yield in $baddies the last value of the array $bad.
I think that wasn't your intention, in that case there are faster and better ways than foreach.
I think what you wanted to do is:
<?php
foreach($bad as $baddies) // make a collection
{
if (preg_match("/$baddies/i", $mailto)) // find a match
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
else
{
$addrmail = "true";
}
} // foreach end
?>
25-Jul-2006 11:28
in response to ch dot martin at gmail dot com
If you are using the following code:
<?php
$r = array('05' => "abc", '35' => "def");
foreach ($r as $key=>$value)
var_dump($key);
?>
and you need the array key '35' to be a string (for looping maybe), you can make sure the key is a string by appending a 0 on the front.
'035' instead of '35'
09-Jun-2006 06:40
Extremely irritating quirk regarding the variable types of array keys:
<?php
$r = array('05' => "abc", '35' => "def");
foreach ($r as $key=>$value)
var_dump($key);
?>
The first var_dump for '05' is:
string(2) "05"
as expected. But the second, '35', turns out as:
int(35)
Php apparently decided to make the 35 became an int, but not the 05 (presumably because it leads with a zero). As far as I can see, there is absolutely no way of making string(2) "35" an array key.
25-May-2006 01:52
this is simpler tha function display_angka_bilangan by ktaufik(at)gmail(dot)com (16-Feb-2005 12:40)
<?
/*
*
* Class : Terbilang
* Spell quantity numbers in Indonesian or Malay Language
*
*
* author: huda m elmatsani
* 21 September 2004
* freeware
*
* example:
* $bilangan = new Terbilang;
* echo $bilangan -> eja(137);
* result: seratus tiga puluh tujuh
*
*
*/
Class Terbilang {
function terbilang() {
$this->dasar = array(1=>'satu','dua','tiga','empat','lima','enam',
'tujuh','delapan','sembilan');
$this->angka = array(1000000000,1000000,1000,100,10,1);
$this->satuan = array('milyar','juta','ribu','ratus','puluh','');
}
function eja($n) {
$i=0;
while($n!=0){
$count = (int)($n/$this->angka[$i]);
if($count>=10) $str .= $this->eja($count). " ".$this->satuan[$i]." ";
else if($count > 0 && $count < 10)
$str .= $this->dasar[$count] . " ".$this->satuan[$i]." ";
$n -= $this->angka[$i] * $count;
$i++;
}
$str = preg_replace("/satu puluh (\w+)/i","\\1 belas",$str);
$str = preg_replace("/satu (ribu|ratus|puluh|belas)/i","se\\1",$str);
return $str;
}
}
?>
09-May-2006 08:46
phoenixbytes: The regex you have posted for matching email addresses is incorrect. Among other things, it does not allow '+' before the '@' (which is perfectly valid and can be quite useful to separate extensions of a single address). RFC 822 [1] defines the grammar for valid email addresses, and (the extemely long) regex implementing can be found at [2]. Even the "Add Note" page here at php.net says:
[quote]
And if you're posting an example of validating email addresses, please don't bother. Your example is almost certainly wrong for some small subset of cases. See this information from O'Reilly Mastering Regular Expressions book for the gory details.
[/quote]
A note to others: please do your homework before writing another email-matching regex.
[1] http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt?number=822
[2] http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/Mail-RFC822-Address.html.
17-Apr-2006 12:10
i use the array() function for deciding upon an email address's validity, i have a 'wap stalker' of my site that loves to exploit every hole i leave, so i used the following script to avoid being email bombed with my own file sender script, the array() is used to filter out undesirable email providers and, of course, any and all of my own addresses. before all that i used a REGEX to make sure it's an actual email address before going any further.
$mailto = "mail.domain.org"; // the input to be tested
if (preg_match("/^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+\.[A-Z]{2,6}$/i", $mailto)) // see if it's really an email address
{
$bad = array('mytrashmail.com', 'mymail.ro', 'acasa.ro', 'gala.net', 'phoenixbytes'); // pick out the victims
foreach($bad as $baddies); // make a collection
if (preg_match("/$baddies/i", $mailto)) // find a match
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
else
{
$addrmail = "true";
}
}
else
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
$addrmail can then be used in an argument.
$baddies can be used to give a list, if necessary.
i hope this helps someone.
01-Apr-2006 08:54
Passing variables into the array constructor:
Just a NOOB pointer, I couldn't find other examples for this. If you want to pass the value of an existing variable into the array() constructor, you can quote it or not, both methods are valid.
<?
$foo_value = 'foo string';
$bar_value = 'bar string';
$myArray = array(
'foo_key' => $foo_value, // not quoted
'bar_key' => "$bar_value"); // quoted
foreach ($myArray as $k => $v) {
echo "\$myArray[$k] => $v.<br />\n";
}
?>
Both of these will work as expected, but the unqoted $foo_value method above is marginally faster because adding quotes adds an additional string de-reference.
13-Dec-2005 05:41
if you need to check a multidimensonal array for values it's handy to store it like
$ar['key1'][0]
$ar['key2'][0]
$ar['key3'][0]
$ar['key1'][1]
$ar['key2'][1]
$ar['key3'][1]
and to loop the keys.
Fill the array (from a database-request):
while($rf=mysql_fetch_row($rs))
{
$nr=$rf[0];
$channel['nr'][$nr]=$rf[1];
$channel['chatter'][$nr]=$rf[2];
}
Call the values:
foreach(array_keys($channel['nr']) as $test)
{
print ' nr:'.$test.'<br>';
print 'value nr: '.$channel['nr'][$test].'<br>';
print ' chatter: '.$channel['chatter'][$test].'<br>';
}
This is useful, if you have to look later for an element
inside the array:
if(in_array($new_value,$channel['nr'])) print 'do something.';
Hope this helps someone.
30-Sep-2005 09:55
Regarding the previous comment, beware of the fact that reference to the last value of the array remains stored in $value after the foreach:
<?php
foreach ( $arr as $key => &$value )
{
$value = 1;
}
// without next line you can get bad results...
//unset( $value );
$value = 159;
?>
Now the last element of $arr has the value of '159'. If we remove the comment in the unset() line, everything works as expected ($arr has all values of '1').
Bad results can also appear in nested foreach loops (the same reason as above).
So either unset $value after each foreach or better use the longer form:
<?php
foreach ( $arr as $key => $value )
{
$arr[ $key ] = 1;
}
?>
27-Sep-2005 08:53
Regarding the previous comment, thw following code does the job:
<?php
foreach($arr as $key => &$value) {
$value = 1;
}
?>
19-Sep-2005 01:14
Regarding the previous comment, the fact that this code has no effect is perfectly expected:
<?php
foreach($arr as $value) {
$value = 1;
}
?>
The reason that this doesn't work, is because each time that PHP goes through the loop, it _copies_ the value of the array element into $value. So if you assign a new value to the data in $value, it has no effect on the actual array, because you only changed the value of the copy that was put in $value.
As was discovered in the previous post, the only way to get around this problem is to change the value in the original array. Hence, a typical foreach should instead look like this:
<?php
foreach($arr as $key => $value) {
$arr[$key] = 1;
}
?>
28-Aug-2005 09:28
[Editor's note: You can achieve what you're looking for by referencing $single, rather than copying it by value in your foreach statement. See http://php.net/foreach for more details.]
Don't know if this is known or not, but it did eat some of my time and maybe it won't eat your time now...
I tried to add something to a multidimensional array, but that didn't work at first, look at the code below to see what I mean:
<?php
$a1 = array( "a" => 0, "b" => 1 );
$a2 = array( "aa" => 00, "bb" => 11 );
$together = array( $a1, $a2 );
foreach( $together as $single ) {
$single[ "c" ] = 3 ;
}
print_r( $together );
/* nothing changed result is:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[a] => 0
[b] => 1
)
[1] => Array
(
[aa] => 0
[bb] => 11
)
) */
foreach( $together as $key => $value ) {
$together[$key]["c"] = 3 ;
}
print_r( $together );
/* now it works, this prints
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[a] => 0
[b] => 1
[c] => 3
)
[1] => Array
(
[aa] => 0
[bb] => 11
[c] => 3
)
)
*/
?>
04-Aug-2005 06:24
It is a kind of simple muti-dimensional array list.
I have made it just to give a simple idea.
<?php
echo "Here we'll see how to create a multi-dimensional array.\n";
$a=array('fruits'=>array('a'=>'orange',
'b'=>'grape',c=>'apple'),
'numbers'=>array(1,2,3,4,5,6),
'holes'=>array('first',5=>'second',
'third')
);
foreach($a as $list=>$things){
foreach($things as $newlist=>$counter){
echo $counter;
}
}
?>
22-Apr-2005 07:10
Here's a simple function to insert a value into some position in an array
<?php
function array_insert($array,$pos,$val)
{
$array2 = array_splice($array,$pos);
$array[] = $val;
$array = array_merge($array,$array2);
return $array;
}
?>
and now for example...
<?php
$a = array("John","Paul","Peter");
$a = array_insert($a,1,"Mike");
?>
Now $a will be "John","Mike","Paul","Peter"
21-Apr-2005 04:16
Beware that if you're using strings as indices in the $_POST array, that periods are transformed into underscores:
<html>
<body>
<?php
printf("POST: "); print_r($_POST); printf("<br/>");
?>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>">
<input type="hidden" name="Windows3.1" value="Sux">
<input type="submit" value="Click" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Once you click on the button, the page displays the following:
POST: Array ( [Windows3_1] => Sux )
05-Apr-2005 03:24
Something that tripped me up:
If you mix string and integer keys, be careful if you are doing a comparison on the to find if a string key exists.
For example, this will not do what you expect it to do:
<?php
$exampleArray = array();
$exampleArray['foo'] = 'bar';
$exampleArray[] = 'Will create 0 index';
$keyWeAreLookingFor = "correctKey";
foreach ($exampleArray as $key => $value){
if ($key == $keyWeAreLookingFor){
print "Found Key";
}
}
?>
It will print "Found Key", because (I presume) when PHP makes the comparison between the string "correctKey" and the index 0, it casts the string to an integer, rather than casting 0 to the string "0" and then doing the comparison.
Using === fixes the problem:
<?php
foreach ($exampleArray as $key => $value){
if ($key === $keyWeAreLookingFor){
print "Found Key";
}
}
?>
28-Mar-2005 04:40
Used to creating arrays like this in Perl?
@array = ("All", "A".."Z");
Looks like we need the range() function in PHP:
<?php
$array = array_merge(array('All'), range('A', 'Z'));
?>
You don't need to array_merge if it's just one range:
<?php
$array = range('A', 'Z');
?>
16-Feb-2005 08:59
On array copying a deep copy is done of elements except those elements which are references, in which case the reference is maintained. This is a very important thing to understand if you intend on mixing references and recursive arrays.
By Example:
$a = array( 1 );
$aref_a = array( &$a );
$copy_aref_a = $aref_a;
$acopy_a = array( $a );
$copy_acopy_a = $acopy_a;
$a[] = 5;
$acopy_a[0][] = 6;
print_r( $aref_a ); //Shows: ( (1,5) )
print_r( $copy_aref_a ); //Shows: ( (1,5) )
print_r( $acopy_a ); //Shows: ( (1, 6) )
print_r( $copy_acopy_a ); //Shows: ( (1) )
16-Feb-2005 08:40
For you who works for localized "say" number to letter ( ex , 7=> seven, 8=>eight) for Bahasa Indonesia.
Indonesia "say" or "Terbilang" is based on 3 digit number.
thousands, millions and trillions .... will be based on the 3 digit number.
In Indonesia you say 137 as "Seratus Tiga Puluh Tujuh"
<?php
//build random 3 digit number to be "said" in Bahasa Indonesia
$x=rand(0,9);
$y=rand(0,9);
$z=rand(0,9);
function display_angka_bilangan($n) {
$angka = array(
1 => 'satu',
2 => 'dua',
3 => 'tiga',
4 => 'empat',
5 => "lima",
6 => 'enam',
7 => 'tujuh',
8 => 'delapan',
9 => 'sembilan'
);
return $angka[$n];
}
// Terbilang X-------Say X
if ($x==1){$terbilangx="seratus ";}
elseif ($x==0){$terbilangx='';}
else {$terbilangx=''.display_angka_bilangan($x).' '.'ratus ';}
// Terbilang Y ------Say Y
if ($y==0){$terbilangy='';}
elseif ($y==1 && $z==1){$terbilangy="sebelas";$terbilangz='';}
elseif ($y==1 && $z==0){$terbilangy="sepuluh ";$terbilangz='';}
elseif ($y==1 && $z!==1 && $z!==0){$terbilangy=''.display_angka_bilangan($z).' belas ';}
else {$terbilangy=''.display_angka_bilangan($y).' '.'puluh ';}
// Terbilang z ------Say z
if ($z==0){$terbilangz="";}
elseif ($z==0 && $y==1){$terbilangz="";}
elseif ($z==1 && $y==1){$terbilangz="";}
elseif($y==0) {$terbilangz="".display_angka_bilangan($z);}
elseif ($y==1 && $z!==1 && $z!==0) {$terbilangz="";}
else {$terbilangz="".display_angka_bilangan($z);};
$terbilang=$terbilangx.$terbilangy.$terbilangz;
echo $x.$y.$z." ";
echo $terbilang;
?>
Hope it is useful
ktaufik(at)gmail(dot)com
05-Jan-2005 03:06
[Editor's Note: (Second example.) These are not "arrays in arrays". These are single-dimensional arrays containing stdClass objects; all objects are referenced by default in PHP5. You can see in the var_dump output that they point to the same object.]
Attention with Arrays in Arrays!
If you copy (=) an array which contains arrays it will be REFERENCED not COPIED.
Example:
<?php
/* GOOD ONE */
echo "<b>Here copy (=) works correct:</b><br>";
/* Initialise Array 1 */
$x1 = array(array(10,20),array(30,40));
/* COPY Array */
$x2 = $x1;
/* Change some values in Array 2 */
$x2[0][0]=77;
$x2[1][1]=99;
echo "<b>Original:</b><pre>";
var_dump($x1);
echo "</pre><b>Changed Copy:</b><pre>";
var_dump($x2);
/* BAAAAAAAD ONE */
echo "</pre><hr><b>Here copy (=) FAILS:</b><br>";
/* Initialise Array 1 */
$a1[0]->bla[0]->id=10;
$a1[0]->bla[1]->id=20;
$a1[1]->bla[0]->id=30;
$a1[1]->bla[1]->id=40;
/* COPY Array */
$a2 = $a1;
/* Change some values in Array 2 (!) */
$a2[0]->bla[0]->id=77;
$a2[1]->bla[1]->id=99;
echo "<b>Original:</b><pre>";
var_dump($a1);
echo "</pre><b>Changed Copy:</b><pre>";
var_dump($a2);
echo "</pre>";
php?>
The output of $a1 and $a2 will be the same..
08-Nov-2004 09:26
Programmers new to PHP may find the following surprising:
<?php
$x[1] = 'foo';
$x[0] = 'bar';
echo "Original array:\n";
var_dump($x);
array_pop($x);
echo "Array after popping last element:\n";
var_dump($x);
?>
The surprise is that element 0 is deleted, not element 1. Apparently the notion of "last element" has more to do with how the array is stored internally than with which element has the highest numeric index. I recently translated a Perl program to PHP and was bitten by this one.
My solution was to identify all the places in my code where I could prove that the array elements were assigned sequentially. In those cases it is safe to use array_pop, array_splice, etc. since the array indices correspond with the array layout. For the other cases, my solution was to write replacements for the built-in array functions such as this one:
<?php
function safe_pop(&$a)
{
if (!isset($a))
return;
if (!is_array($a))
return;
if (count($a) == 0)
return;
unset($a[max(array_keys($a))]);
}
?>
19-Nov-2003 04:51
Negative and positive array indices have different behavior when it comes to string<->int conversion. 1 and "1" are treated as identical indices, -1 and "-1" are not. So:
$arr["1"] and $arr[1] refer to the same element.
$arr["-1"] and $arr[-1] refer to different elements.
The following code:
<?
$arr[1] = "blue";
$arr["1"] = "red";
$arr[-1] = "blue";
$arr["-1"] = "red";
var_dump($arr);
?>
produces the output:
array(3) {
[1]=>
string(3) "red"
[-1]=>
string(4) "blue"
["-1"]=>
string(3) "red"
}
This code should create an array with either two or four elements. Which one should be the "correct" behavior is an exercise left to the reader....
16-Jul-2003 11:22
It is quite simple, but don't forget when you'll using foreach with forms arrays.
If your field name is:
<input type="checkbox" name="foo['bar'][]" ...
It doesn't work.
This should work:
<input type="checkbox" name="foo[bar][]" ...
11-Jul-2003 11:59
I was having trouble getting javascript arrays and php arrays to work together with a Check All checkboxe. Here is a simple solution. Clicking the 'Check All' checkbox will check all checkboxes on the form.
<script language="JavaScript">
function chkAll(frm, arr, mark) {
for (i = 0; i <= frm.elements.length; i++) {
try{
if(frm.elements[i].name == arr) {
frm.elements[i].checked = mark;
}
} catch(er) {}
}
}
</script>
<form name='foo'>
<input type="checkbox" name="ca" value="1" onClick="chkAll(this.form, 'formVar[chkValue][]', this.checked)">
<?php
for($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++){
echo("<input type='checkbox' name='formVar[chkValue][]' value='$i'>");
}
?>
</form>
Dean M.
26-Mar-2003 06:13
I didn't find this anywhere in the docs and i think it is worth a mention:
$a[] = &$a;
print_r($a);
// will output:
/*
Array
(
[0] => Array
*RECURSION*
)
*/
// this means that $a[0] is a reference to $a ( that is detected by print_r() ). I guess this is what the manual calls 'recursive arrays'.
"Using NULL as a key will evaluate to an empty string. Using an emptry string as key will create (or overwrite) a key with an empty string and its value, it is not the same as using empty brackets."
If you create an array like this:
$foo = array(null => 'bar');
And then want to access 'bar', you must use this syntax:
echo $foo['']; // notice the two single quotes
This will of course cause a fatal error:
echo $foo[];
29-Nov-2002 11:10
Dereferencing arrays takes some time, but is not terribly expensive.
I wrote two dummy loops to test performance:
for ($i =0; $i < count($a); $i++) {
$x = $a[$b[$i]];
$y = $a[$b[$i]];
$z = $a[$b[$i]];
}
for ($i =0; $i < count($a); $i++) {
$q = $b[$i];
$x = $a[$q];
$y = $a[$q];
$z = $a[$q];
}
The first loop is 6.5% slower than the second. Meaning that dereferencing arrays is not terribly expensive, unless you do it a whole lot. I would expect that each extra reference costs about 3% in speed. The lesson is that if you're going to be using a specific value in an array for a number of operations, you can gain a little speed by assigning it to a temp variable (or creating a reference with $q = &$b[$i]) but it's not worth getting crazy over.
I tested this with iterations of 10,000 and 100,000 on php 4.2 and the results were consistent.
15-Oct-2002 06:50
Recursive arrays and multi-dimensional arrays are the same thing and completely identical.
The following confirms this:
$fruits1["european"]["green"] = "Apple";
$fruits2 = array ( "european" => array ( "green" => "Apple"));
print ($fruits1 === $fruits2);
Result: 1 (= true)
11-Jun-2002 12:40
Arrays can be merged using + as discussed in the notes for array_merge.
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-merge.php
25-May-2002 01:06
For all of you having problems when using php arrays in an HTML form input field name, and wanting to validate the form using javascript for example, it is much easier to specify an id for the field as well, and use this id for validation.
Example:
<input type="text" id="lastname" name="fields[lastname]">
then in the javascript check:
if(formname.lastname.value == "") {
alert("please enter a lastname!");
}
This works very well. If you have any problems with it, let me know.
